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To this day, the full and crescent moons are used to confirm the beginning and end of each month, particularly to establish the beginning of Ramadan, the start of the month of Shawwal and the date of Eid al-Adha and Eid al-Fitr.īefore the Hijri calendar came into use, Muslims used a range of important events in Muslim history, for example, Am Al-Fil, the year in which the Prophet Muhammad was born, to demarcate time. Khalifa Umar ibn Al-Khattab, is considered to be the creator of the Hijri calendar, which is made up of 12 months, dictated by the cycle of the moon. The Hijri Year refers to our Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him)’s migration (Hijira) from the city of Makkah to the city of Al Madina El Monawara in 622AD. What are the meanings of the names of the Hijri months? Who was the creator of the Hijri calendar? Famously, the Hijri calendar is the official calendar of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. These four include the Miladi, Hijri, Chinese, and Persian calendars.
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The Hijri calendar is considered to be one of four major calendars currently in use worldwide. This year, Muslims are celebrating the year 1440 AH. In India, the Markazi Ruyat e Hilal Committee under Imarat e Shariah New Delhi confirmed the start of the Islamic New Year 1443 AH on Wednesday Aughence, Ashura will be marked in the country on August 20, 2021.Muslims celebrate the Hijri New Year (considered an official holiday in some Islamic countries) on the first of the Islamic calendar’s month of Muharram every year. Hence, Ashura in these countries will be celebrated on August 19. This year, the crescent for Muharram was sighted on August 9 in Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Kuwait, Iraq, Qatar, Bahrain, Oman and other Arab states who marked the first day of Muharram on August 10. It means that it has been 1443 years since Prophet Mohammed's migration from Mecca to Medina.
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This year, the Islamic New Year is referred to as Hijri 1443 AH (Anno Hegirae in Latin or the year of the Hijra). Unlike the Gregorian calendar that consists of 365 days, Islamic calendar has about 354 days divided into 12 months and depends on the sighting of the crescent moon which varies from country to country. If it is not sighted on 29th, the ongoing month completes 30 days and a new month starts the next day. A new month begins when the new moon is sighted on the 29th day of the ongoing month. A month lasts for 29 or 30 days in this calendar, depending on the moon sighting. The Islamic calendar is based on a lunar cycle, unlike the Gregorian calendar. While the first day of Muharram is known as Al Hijri or Arabic New Year, the tenth day is celebrated as Ashura by Muslim community across the world. The word Muharram means ‘not permitted’ or ‘forbidden’ hence, Muslims are prohibited from taking part in activities like warfare and use it as a period of prayer and reflection. It is the most sacred month in Islam after Ramadan and marks the beginning of the lunar calendar which Islam follows. Muharram is the first month in Islamic calendar followed by the lunar months of Safar, Rabi-al-Thani, Jumada al-Awwal, Jumada ath-Thaniyah, Rajab, Shaban, Ramadan, Shawwal, Zu al-Qadah and Zu al-Hijjah.